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SSC CGL General Studies - Biology Syllabus

Biology

Introduction to Biology
Definition and scope of biology
Branches of biology
Importance of biology in everyday life
Scientific method in biological studies

Diversity in Living World

Classification of living organisms

Five kingdom classification
Binomial nomenclature

Characteristics of living organisms
Levels of organization in living organisms
Biodiversity

Types of biodiversity
Importance of biodiversity
Threats to biodiversity
Conservation strategies

Animal Kingdom

Classification of animals

Characteristics of major animal phyla

Porifera

Cnidaria

Platyhelminthes

Nematoda

Annelida

Arthropoda

Mollusca

Echinodermata

Chordata

Vertebrate classes and their characteristics

Fish

Amphibians

Reptiles

Birds

Mammals

Adaptations in animals

Plant Kingdom

Classification of plants

Characteristics of major plant divisions

Algae

Bryophytes

Pteridophytes

Gymnosperms

Angiosperms

Plant tissues and their functions

Plant organs

Root

Stem

Leaf

Flower

Plant adaptations

Microbial Kingdom

Characteristics of microorganisms

Types of microorganisms

Bacteria

Archaea

Fungi

Protozoa

Algae

Viruses

Beneficial and harmful microorganisms

Microbial ecology and interactions

Cell Biology

What is Cell

Cell theory

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Cell organelles and their functions

Nucleus

Mitochondria

Chloroplasts

Endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

Lysosomes

Ribosomes

Cell membrane structure and functions

Cell division

Mitosis (stages and Significance)

Meiosis (stages and Significance)

Genetics

Mendel's laws of inheritance

Chromosomes and genes
Central Dogma

Genetic disorders

Human Physiology

Integumentary System

Skeletal System

Muscular System

Nervous System

Endocrine System

Cardiovascular System

Lymphatic System

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Urinary System

Reproductive System

Plant Physiology

Photosynthesis

Respiration in plants

Plant growth and development

Ecology and Environment

Ecosystems

Food chains and food webs

Ecological pyramids

Biodiversity

Environmental pollution

Human Health and Diseases

Common diseases and their causes

Communicable diseases

Bacterial

Viral

Protozoan

Non-communicable diseases

Immunology basics

Types of immunity

Vaccines

Nutrition and balanced diet

Nutrients and their functions

Deficiency diseases

Biotechnology

Basic concepts
Applications

Agriculture

Medicine

Industry

Evolution

Darwin's theory of natural selection

Evidence of evolution

Fossil records

Comparative anatomy

Embryology

Molecular biology

Human evolution