Biochemistry

• Section 1:

  • Organization of life;

  • Importance of water;

  • Structure and function of biomolecules:

    • Amino acids,

    • Carbohydrates,

    • Lipids,

    • Proteins

    • Nucleic acids;

  • Protein structure, folding / misfolding and function;

    • Myoglobin

    • Hemoglobin

    • Lysozyme

    • Ribonuclease A

    • Carboxypeptidase

    • Chymotrypsin.

• Section 2 :

  • Enzyme kinetics,

  • Regulation and inhibition;

  • Vitamins and Coenzymes

  • Bioenergetics and metabolism;

  • Generation and utilization of ATP;

  • Metabolic pathways and their regulation:

    • glycolysis,

    • TCA cycle,

    • pentose phosphate pathway,

    • oxidative phosphorylation,

    • gluconeogenesis,

    • glycogen Metabolism

    • fatty acid metabolism

  • Metabolism of Nitrogen containing compounds

    • nitrogen fixation

    • amino acids

    • nucleotides

  • Photosynthesis

    • Calvin cycle.

• Section 3 :

  • Biochemical separation techniques

    • Chromatography

      • ion exchange

      • size exclusion

      • affinity

    • Centrifugation;

    • Electrophoresis

    • DNA- protein interaction

    • Protein–protein interactions

    • UV-visible

    • Fluorescence spectroscopy

    • Mass spectrometry.

• Section 4 :

  • Cell structure and organelles

  • Biological membranes

  • Action potential

  • Transport across membranes

  • Membrane assembly and Protein targeting

  • Signal transduction

  • Receptor-ligand interaction

  • Hormones and neurotransmitters.

• Section 5 :

  • DNA replication, transcription and translation;

  • DNA damage and repair;

  • Biochemical regulation of gene expression;

  • Recombinant DNA technology and applications:

    • PCR,

    • site directed mutagenesis,

    • DNA-microarray;

  • Next generation sequencing;

  • Gene silencing and editing.

• Section 6 :

  • Immune system:

    • Innate

    • Adaptive

  • Cell of the immune system

  • Active and passive immunity

  • Complement system

  • Antibody structure, function and diversity

  • B cell and T Cell receptors

  • B cell and T cell activation

  • Major histocompatibilty complex

  • Immunological techniques:

    • Immunodiffusion

    • immune-electrophoresis

    • RIA

    • ELISA,

  • flow cytometry

  • monoclonal antibodies and their applications.

 

 

Botany

• Section 1 - Plant Systematics

• Section 2 - Plant Anatomy

• Section 3 - Plant development; cell and tissue morphogenesis

• Section 4 - Plant physiology and biochemistry

• Section 5 - Genetics and genomics

• Section 6 - Plant Breeding, Genetic Modification, Genome Editing

• Section 7 - Economic and applied Botany

• Section 8 - Plant Pathology

• Section 9 - Ecology and Environment

 

 

 

Microbiology

• Section 1 - Historical Perspective

• Section 2 - Methods in Microbiology

• Section 3 - Microbial Taxonomy and Diversity

• Section 4 - Prokaryotic Cells

• Section 5 - Microbial Growth

• Section 6 - Control of Micro-organisms

• Section 7 - Microbial Metabolism

• Section 8 - Microbial Diseases and Host Pathogen Interaction

• Section 9 - Chemotherapy/Antibiotics

• Section 10 - Microbial Genetics

• Section 11 - Microbial Ecology

 

 

 

Zoology

• Section 1 - Animal Diversity

• Section 2 - Evolution

• Section 3 - Genetics

• Section 4 - Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

• Section 5 - Cell Biology

• Section 6 - Gene expression in Eukaryotes

• Section 7 - Animal Anatomy and Physiology

• Section 8 - Parasitology and Immunology

• Section 9 - Development Biology

• Section 10 - Ecology

• Section 11 - Animal Behaviour

 

 

 

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Food Technology

• Section 1 - Food Chemistry and Nutrition

• Section 2 - Food Microbiology

• Section 3 - Food Products Technology

• Section 4 - Food Engineering

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Biotechnology:

1. General Biology

   1. Biochemistry

   2. Microbiology

   3. Immunology

2. Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

   1. Genetics and Evolutionary Biology

   2. Cell Biology

   3. Molecular Biology

3. Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

   1. Engineering principles applied to biological systems

   2. Classical thermodynamics and Bioenergetics

   3. Transport Processes

4. Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

   1. Bioreaction engineering

   2. Upstream and Downstream Processing

   3. Instrumentation and Process Control

5. Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology

   1. Plants

   2. Animals

   3. Microbes

6. Recombinant DNA technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology

   1. Recombinant DNA technology

   2. Molecular tools

   3. Analytical tools

   4. Computational tools